共存与发展：《鹿之民》的生态伦理学解读

t,which are characterized by theirdocumentary character,have exerted great practical value to the nation.In addition,other studies about Mowat’s works are concentrated on his four ecological masterpieces.Suzanne Methot states in a review of Mowat’s Book Review:Walkingon the Land(2008)in Quill and Quire:“Fact:the Ihalmiut existed,and they wererelocated to useless expanses of land no fewer than three times,shunted about by agovernment intent on building a colonial vision from sea to sea”.In this book review,Methot describes the story told by Mowat as one“of horrifying neglect and outrightstupidity on the part of the federal government”(Methot,208).Craig MacBrideconsiders in his journal entitled Canlit Canon Review:Farley Mowat’s People of theDeer published in The Toronto Review of Books that“Regardless,this is the book thatintroduced the North to the Canadian imagination,so it remains central to the canon,and Mowat remains an icon,at least in the South.”(MacBride,2013)He also presentsin this book review that People of the Deer is fascinating,but not artistically engagingand that although People of the Deer is tainted by the allegations of Mowat’smisrepresentations,what is special about it remains,it was an old story in a newsetting,told with a New Journalism approach,and it opened the eyes of Canadians tothe North,and the Aboriginal plight.(MacBride,2013:29).Therefore,CraigMacBride's opinion of this contentious book is unbiased.

2.2 Studies on the Theory of Ecological Ethics at Home and Abroad

Using“ecological ethics”or“ecological morality”as its research subject,ecological ethics is an applied branch of ethics.From an ethical standpoint,it exploresand investigates the interaction between man and nature.In addition to requiringpeople to extend their moral obligations from society to non-human animals or theenvironment,ecological ethics also asks people to develop a moral bond betweenthemselves and the natural world.Ecological ethics demands that humans give up theold principles of measuring,taking advantage of,and pillaging the natural world infavor of sustainable development ideals that coexist peacefully and harmoniously withthe natural world.The link between man and nature is endowed with true moralityand moral values,which is why ecological ethics breaks with human moral andcultural traditions that primarily concentrate on how to coordinate interpersonalinterests.This is how ecological ethics contributes to the development of ethicaltheory.

Under the background of the increasingly serious environmental crisis,the studyof literature oriented to the ecological environment is on the rise.Along with the maturation of the theory of eco-ethics,the study of literary works from the perspectiveof eco-ethics has also emerged.Although the study of eco-ethical thoughts in Westernliterature has only formally emerged in the 20th century,there has never been a lackof discussion on the relationship between human beings and ecology in literature,andthe superposition of various factors has prompted people to try to study thecross-study of literature with eco-ethics and ecology.Under the influence of variouseco-ethical ideas and the famous environmental movement work Silent Spring,eco-ethical literary criticism has flourished.

Chapter Three STABILITY AND BALANCE IN THE NOVEL......................17

3.1 Eco-ethical Harmony in the Ihalmiut’s Way of Survival..................17

3.1.1 The Ihalmiut’s dependence on the deer......................18

3.1.2 The Ihalmiut’s temperance of living resources....................20

Chapter Four INTRUSION AND DESTRUCTION IN THE NOVEL..............27

4.1 Intrusion towards the Barrens from Western Civilization...............28

4.1.1 The conflicts between the Ihalmiut and the western people...........28

4.1.2 The intervention to the barren lands.............................................30

Chapter Five KARMA AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE IHALMIUT...........36

5.1 Eco-ethical Trauma and Misery of the Ihalmiut....................36