sion Making “(Ellen R. Foxman Patriyas. Tansuhaj Karin. Ekstrom, 1989) they demonstrate that the changes in demographics of a house hold structure have shifted towards children’s impact on their parents decisions. There are limited studies that have dealt with the extent of influence children have on family. (Atkin 1978; Belch, Belch, and Ceresino 1985; Darley and Lim 1986; Moschis and Mitchell 1986; Roberts, Wortzel, and Berkeley 1981). Children from all ages were tested to see which age of adolescent effects the most in purchase decisions. They survey with different consumer related items that a family buys, expensive and complex items were chosen because almost most of them have been used in the previous husband and wife decision related studies. Influence on decision process related to five different areas ranging from price, taking part in shopping, suggesting super markets, suggesting different products and paying attention to new products being launched. Multi-trait/multi- method analysis (MTMM; Campbell and Fiske 1959) was use to find patterns of discrepancy among purchase decisions. The study showed the results that mother, father and children all had a significant role in the decision process; the study suggested that spouse’s decisions were closely linked with each other as compared to their children. Two directions for further research concern the connection between supposed influence in purchase process and supposed influence for unambiguous products, as well as measurement of house hold decision making needs to be clear.
规范性影响包括社会因素，当一个人试图复制他人的判断时，与信息影响相比，他们担心社会印象，包括通过家庭朋友和期权领导者获得知识，然后做出购买产品的综合决定。一个人的生命周期阶段会影响他们做出的购买决定，而这反过来也反映了信息的影响，在《家庭成员对青少年在家庭决策中的影响的看法》的研究表明，家庭结构的人口结构变化已转向儿童对父母决策的影响。关于儿童对家庭的影响程度的研究有限。对各个年龄段的儿童进行测试，看看哪个年龄段的青少年对购买决定的影响最大。他们调查了一个家庭购买的不同的与消费者相关的物品，选择了昂贵和复杂的物品，因为他们中的大多数都曾在之前的夫妻决策相关研究中使用过。对决策过程的影响涉及五个不同的领域，包括价格、参与购物、建议超市、建议不同的产品和关注正在推出的新产品。使用多特征/多方法分析来发现购买决策之间的差异模式。研究表明，母亲、父亲和孩子都在决策过程中发挥着重要作用；这项研究表明，与子女相比，配偶的决定彼此密切相关。进一步研究的两个方向涉及购买过程中的假设影响和明确产品的假设影响之间的联系，以及房屋持有决策的衡量需要明确。
From house hold family decisions researchers have also introduced different theories related to consumer buying behaviors all these theories consist of different factors such as culture, social, personal and physiological. Social factors are considered one of the most important factors that influence consumer behavior. In a research paper, “Social Factors in Consumer Choice: Replication and Extension” (Gordon, 1975) the studies of Rich and Jain (1968) are challenged which concluded that life cycle stages and social class may not have a direct relation with consumer behavior as many studies point out. The paper uses empirical methods to stand against the general hypothesis; a sample was generated using the random walk sampling method, the main aim being replicating the methods of Rich and Jain but extending the product categories from fashion to food items and domestic appliances. With independent variables, social class and family life cycle, Rich and Jain used dependent variables like different interest in fashion, where do they get there shopping influences and interpersonal influences and the Newcastle study used pre-purchase information, the shopping trips people made and different patterns of interpersonal behavior. The country of origin also differed among the two experiments. Rich and Jain’s first hypothesis was that there is no difference between different social classes in pre purchase decisions about domestic appliance, as if there was a difference. A very small quantity of the inferior and middle class used newspapers as source of information compared to the high proportion of the upper class. This dissimilarity may be because of the different products that were used in both researches. The second hypothesis stated that there is a difference between classes when it comes to shopping trips, which was refuted since percentages showed that there was a difference between lower and middle classes since trips of shopping were gr
